Bullying can turn an idyllic job into something you dread. Whether it’s your co-worker or a boss, dealing with intimidation at work can leave you feeling constantly on edge, fearful, and helpless.
Bullies are generally defined as people who intimidate or control others to achieve their aims. They may collaborate when their goals are being met, but they lack fairness or honesty. Workplace bullies generally manipulate or terrorize those with status below or equivalent to themselves. They may also intimidate superiors, such as threatening to resign at a critical point.
Early in life people form different ways of responding to shame. By adulthood, these coping responses become personality traits. Typical coping responses fall into four types: attacking others, attacking oneself, avoidance and withdrawal. When shame threatens people who bully – for example, when they risk looking incompetent at work – they will attack others.
At the extreme side of the scale, people become narcissistic and deal with deeply-embedded shame by attacking others continually.
Another response to shame, withdrawal, hides one’s feelings from others and can lead to depression. This response is common in people who are subjected to prolonged attacks of bullying in the workplace, and can be just as harmful as self-attacking.
Psychologically, bullies cause shame to others by recognising and attacking their insecurities. The bully’s attack is his or her own shame, repackage to target the victim’s own vulnerabilities.
Attacking others not only blots out the shame they are feeling, but it also stimulates the experience of power. Although bullies diminish others in an attempt to raise themselves up, they are not conscious of how bad they feel about themselves. Through their behavior, their own feelings of inadequacy remain hidden. Diminishing others keeps shame out of their conscious awareness. If a bully underhandedly degrades a co-worker and the co-worker responds in kind, the bully will focus on the wrongdoing of the co-worker, and have no insight that the co-worker’s behavior is in response to his or her own.
The way to deal with bullies is to unite with your co-workers. Grouping against a bully will provide victims with support for their feelings, since victims of bullies are at risk of becoming isolated. Through joining together and discussing the bully’s behavior, co-workers can contain the bully, who, with their behavior exposed, loses the power to terrorize – and faces the threat of isolation.
Meanwhile, bullies can only stop their behavior once they develop the ability to tolerate distress – rather than acting aggressively – and learn to positively process their shame.
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